Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was a Renaissance polymath, celebrated for his artistry, scientific studies, and innovative designs. Best known for "The Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper", Leonardo embodied the spirit of the Renaissance through his insatiable curiosity and holistic vision, seamlessly integrating art, science, and engineering.

Born in Vinci, Italy, Leonardo demonstrated exceptional talent early, leading to an apprenticeship with Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence. Over his career, he produced groundbreaking artworks and conceptualised advanced designs in anatomy, mechanics, optics, and hydraulics. In Milan, under Ludovico Sforza, he created masterpieces like "The Last Supper" and advanced numerous scientific studies. Later, he served Cesare Borgia as a military engineer and eventually spent his final years in France at the court of King Francis I, where he died in 1519.

Despite having no formal academic training, Leonardo is widely recognised as the ultimate "Universal Genius" or "Renaissance Man". His empirical approach to science and his visionary sketches, such as designs for flying machines and armoured vehicles, were far ahead of his time. Figures like Giorgio Vasari, Helen Gardner, and modern biographers like Walter Isaacson have praised his extraordinary intellect and enduring influence.

Leonardo’s legacy continues to captivate the world, with his masterpieces like the Mona Lisa and Vitruvian Man remaining cultural icons. Major exhibitions, including the 500th anniversary at the Louvre, reaffirm his timeless impact on both art and science.